{"id":12802,"date":"2024-05-30T12:14:36","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T12:14:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/olmix.com\/?p=12802"},"modified":"2024-05-30T13:37:21","modified_gmt":"2024-05-30T13:37:21","slug":"pomme-de-terre-biosolutions-olmix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/olmix.com\/fr\/pomme-de-terre-biosolutions-olmix\/","title":{"rendered":"Pomme de terre : les biosolutions Olmix pour soutenir l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_4=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb 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icon_family=\u00a0\u00bbfontawesome\u00a0\u00bb icon_style=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb icon_color_type=\u00a0\u00bbcolor_scheme\u00a0\u00bb icon_color=\u00a0\u00bbExtra-Color-1″ icon_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb icon_fontawesome=\u00a0\u00bbfa fa-clock-o\u00a0\u00bb icon_size=\u00a0\u00bb15″ margin_right=\u00a0\u00bb7px\u00a0\u00bb margin_top=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Reading Time:<\/span> 5<\/span> minutes<\/span><\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb 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column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbadvanced\u00a0\u00bb border_left_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#269756″ column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00a0\u00bbmed\u00a0\u00bb]Le changement climatique en cours fait peser de nouvelles menaces sur la production de pomme de terre. Hausse des temp\u00e9ratures et augmentation de la fr\u00e9quence des s\u00e9cheresses en \u00e9t\u00e9 obligent les producteurs \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre de nouvelles solutions.<\/b>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n

De la chaleur oui \u2026 mais y-aura-t-il de l\u2019eau\u00a0?<\/strong><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n

Avec un optimum de croissance \u00e0 30.6\u00b0C, la pomme de terre est l\u2019une des cultures les mieux adapt\u00e9es aux hausses de temp\u00e9rature pr\u00e9visibles. Toutefois, l\u2019augmentation de l\u2019\u00e9vapotranspiration risque de devenir rapidement un facteur limitant. En effet, le volume global des pr\u00e9cipitations n\u2019est pas forc\u00e9ment impact\u00e9 par le changement climatique, mais plut\u00f4t la r\u00e9partition des pluies avec moins d\u2019eau en \u00e9t\u00e9. Les pr\u00e9visions d\u2019\u00e9pisodes de s\u00e9cheresse estivale plus fr\u00e9quents signifient donc davantage de stress hydrique pour les pommes de terre, \u00e0 fortiori avec des volumes d\u2019eau disponibles pour l\u2019irrigation en diminution.<\/p>\n

Autre contrainte face \u00e0 laquelle les agriculteurs doivent s\u2019adapter\u00a0: la hausse structurelle in\u00e9luctable du prix de l\u2019\u00e9nergie et ses r\u00e9percussions sur le prix des engrais. Avec un enracinement peu profond, l\u2019exploration du sol par la pomme de terre se limite aux soixante premiers centim\u00e8tres de profondeur. Pourtant la plante a besoin de quantit\u00e9s importantes d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments nutritifs, ce qui la rend donc fortement d\u00e9pendante aux engrais.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb12804″ image_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbentrance\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbNone\u00a0\u00bb animation_movement_type=\u00a0\u00bbtransform_y\u00a0\u00bb hover_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb image_loading=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n

Quatre leviers \u00e0 actionner pour mieux adapter la culture<\/strong><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n

Seule une approche globale de la culture permet d\u2019apporter des r\u00e9ponses techniques et \u00e9conomiques \u00e0 la hauteur des enjeux.<\/p>\n

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  1. Am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 et la sant\u00e9 des sols<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Le sol est le milieu vivant dans lequel la pomme de terre s\u2019implante et se d\u00e9veloppe. Ses qualit\u00e9s physiques, chimiques et biologiques doivent \u00eatre surveill\u00e9es et pilot\u00e9es en permanence, non seulement pour permettre la fourniture \u00e0 la plante d\u2019eau et de min\u00e9raux, mais aussi pour assurer un d\u00e9veloppement quantitatif et qualitatif des tubercules. Face aux changements en cours dans le r\u00e9gime des pr\u00e9cipitations (davantage d\u2019eau en hiver et moins d\u2019eau en \u00e9t\u00e9), la capacit\u00e9 du sol \u00e0 infiltrer les pluies en p\u00e9riode humide et \u00e0 maintenir l\u2019eau en r\u00e9serve en p\u00e9riode s\u00e8che, devient cruciale.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb12806″ image_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbentrance\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbNone\u00a0\u00bb animation_movement_type=\u00a0\u00bbtransform_y\u00a0\u00bb hover_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb image_loading=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n

    Porosit\u00e9 naturelle cr\u00e9\u00e9e par les galeries de vers de terre. Am\u00e9liorer la porosit\u00e9 naturelle du sol permet d\u2019infiltrer plus efficacement l\u2019eau de pluie.<\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]La stimulation de l\u2019activit\u00e9 biologique du sol joue un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans la structuration de la porosit\u00e9 et le maintien d\u2019un r\u00e9seau capillaire capable de faire circuler l\u2019eau entre les diff\u00e9rents horizons du sol. De plus, l\u2019action essentielle des microorganismes du sol dans la synth\u00e8se de l\u2019humus \u00e0 partir des r\u00e9sidus de cultures ou de couverts, permet de renforcer l\u2019effet \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9ponge\u00a0\u00bb du sol. Augmenter de 0.5% la teneur en humus du sol permet de stocker 75 000 litres d\u2019eau suppl\u00e9mentaire par hectare. Avec son r\u00f4le stimulant sur l\u2019activit\u00e9 microbienne, l\u2019activateur de sol Neosol<\/b>\u00a0am\u00e9liore la structure et la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9tention en eau du sol, et permet ainsi d\u2019offrir \u00e0 la pomme de terre des conditions de croissance plus favorables.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text]\n

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    1. Augmenter l\u2019efficience de l\u2019utilisation des \u00e9l\u00e9ments nutritifs<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Qu\u2019ils proviennent du sol ou des engrais, la valorisation des min\u00e9raux par la plante passe en premier lieu par la densit\u00e9 de son syst\u00e8me racinaire, lui-m\u00eame fortement d\u00e9pendant de la qualit\u00e9 de la structure des premiers horizons du sol.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb12808″ image_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbentrance\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbNone\u00a0\u00bb animation_movement_type=\u00a0\u00bbtransform_y\u00a0\u00bb hover_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb image_loading=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n

      L\u2019augmentation de la densit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me racinaire permet \u00e0 la pomme de terre <\/i>de \u00ab\u00a0capter\u00a0\u00bb davantage de min\u00e9raux dans le sol.<\/i><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Des \u00e9tudes ont montr\u00e9 que l\u2019efficience d\u2019absorption de l\u2019azote pouvaient \u00eatre diminu\u00e9e de 60 \u00e0 80% en fonction du type de sol et de l\u2019\u00e9tat de d\u00e9gradation de la structure. De m\u00eame une bonne structure de sol favorise l\u2019a\u00e9ration des horizons de surface et donc la min\u00e9ralisation naturelle de la mati\u00e8re organique par les bact\u00e9ries, avec \u00e0 la cl\u00e9 plusieurs dizaines de kilos par ha de min\u00e9raux disponibles pour la culture. Outre le soin \u00e0 apporter \u00e0 la pr\u00e9servation de la structure du sol, le recours aux\u00a0stimulateurs d\u2019enracinement Explorer ou Primeo MICRO<\/b>\u00a0positionn\u00e9s dans la butte au moment de la plantation, ou \u00e0\u00a0l\u2019activateur de nutrition Primeo S12<\/b>, constitue un moyen efficace de d\u00e9velopper rapidement la densit\u00e9 racinaire de la pomme de terre afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficience de la nutrition et r\u00e9duire les quantit\u00e9s d\u2019engrais apport\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

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      1. Optimiser le d\u00e9roulement du cycle physiologique<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        La pomme de terre est une culture \u00e0 cycle court. De la germination des plants \u00e0 la r\u00e9colte, en passant par la croissance v\u00e9g\u00e9tative, la tub\u00e9risation et le grossissement des tubercules, l\u2019encha\u00eenement des diff\u00e9rentes phases du cycle physiologique doit se faire du mieux possible afin de pr\u00e9server tout le potentiel de la culture. Ces changements physiologiques, pilot\u00e9s \u00e0 la base par le g\u00e9nome du v\u00e9g\u00e9tal, sont la cons\u00e9quence de l\u2019action de diverses prot\u00e9ines, hormones et m\u00e9tabolites synth\u00e9tis\u00e9s au fur et \u00e0 mesure de l\u2019avanc\u00e9e du cycle de la plante. Le tout sous l\u2019influence des facteurs environnementaux. En somme une formidable m\u00e9canique de laquelle on attend un rendement maximal. Afin d\u2019optimiser le d\u00e9roulement des diff\u00e9rents stades, les\u00a0physiostimulants foliaires Algomel<\/b>\u00a0offrent une aide pr\u00e9cieuse en soutenant les fonctions vitales de la plante telles que la photosynth\u00e8se, le fonctionnement des racines ou encore la circulation des nutriments. La culture s\u2019affranchit ainsi plus facilement des al\u00e9as fr\u00e9quents li\u00e9s au sol ou aux pratiques culturales.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Soutenir la culture lorsque des stress aigus surviennent<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Les derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es montrent des signes tangibles de l\u2019\u00e9volution du climat avec une recrudescence des \u00e9pisodes de fortes chaleurs et de s\u00e9cheresse. Ces conditions mettent alors \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve les pommes de terre surtout lorsqu\u2019elles surviennent durant les phases de tub\u00e9risation et de floraison. Au-del\u00e0 de 35\u00b0C, le rythme de croissance de la pomme de terre ralentit, ainsi que la synth\u00e8se et l\u2019accumulation de mati\u00e8re s\u00e8che. Mais ce ne sont pas les seuls \u00e9pisodes \u00e0 risque. Les stress chimiques, notamment lors des d\u00e9sherbages, peuvent \u00e9galement endommager les cultures et entamer leur potentiel.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb12810″ image_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbentrance\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbNone\u00a0\u00bb animation_movement_type=\u00a0\u00bbtransform_y\u00a0\u00bb hover_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb image_loading=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n

          \u00c0 droite\u00a0: sympt\u00f4mes de phytotoxicit\u00e9 sur pomme de terre suite \u00e0 l\u2019application d\u2019herbicides.<\/i><\/p>\n

          \u00c0 gauche : les pommes de terre ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de l\u2019application de la biosolution foliaire Blue Guardian,\u00a0<\/i>pr\u00e9servant ainsi la qualit\u00e9 de leur feuillage.<\/i><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Afin d\u2019amortir les effets d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8res des herbicides sur la culture, l\u2019application de\u00a0la biosolution foliaire Blue Guardian<\/b>\u00a0aide la plante \u00e0 activer et amplifier ses m\u00e9canismes de d\u00e9fense, lui permettant de d\u00e9clencher plus efficacement des r\u00e9actions de protection en cas de phytotoxicit\u00e9.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n

          Biostimulants en pomme de terre : un march\u00e9 en croissance<\/strong><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n

          Face aux cons\u00e9quences du changement climatique et aux attentes de la fili\u00e8re, la culture de la pomme de terre, qu\u2019elle soit destin\u00e9e au march\u00e9 du frais, de l\u2019industrie, de la f\u00e9cule ou du plant, doit int\u00e9grer de nouvelles solutions afin de pr\u00e9server la rentabilit\u00e9 de sa production. En compl\u00e9ment de l\u2019adaptation vari\u00e9tale, du d\u00e9veloppement des outils de pilotage de l\u2019irrigation, de l\u2019\u00e9volution des m\u00e9thodes culturales et de protection des cultures, l\u2019utilisation de biostimulants capables de renforcer les fonctions vitales des sols et des plantes repr\u00e9sente un levier prometteur pour les producteurs de pomme de terre. D\u2019ailleurs ils ne s\u2019y trompent pas : en 2022, 20% des surfaces de pomme de terre cultiv\u00e9es en France (2\u00e8me<\/sup>\u00a0producteur europ\u00e9en et 1er<\/sup>\u00a0exportateur mondial) ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de l\u2019action des biostimulants selon la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9tudes Kynetec.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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