{"id":10982,"date":"2021-06-17T10:40:29","date_gmt":"2021-06-17T10:40:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/olmix.com\/managing-thermal-stress-in-poultry-through-algae-complex\/"},"modified":"2024-02-28T13:21:49","modified_gmt":"2024-02-28T13:21:49","slug":"gestion-du-stress-thermique-chez-les-volailles-a-laide-dun-complexe-dalgues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/olmix.com\/fr\/gestion-du-stress-thermique-chez-les-volailles-a-laide-dun-complexe-dalgues\/","title":{"rendered":"Gestion du stress thermique chez les volailles a l\u2019aide d\u2019un complexe d\u2019algues"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb 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column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbadvanced\u00a0\u00bb border_left_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#269756″ column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00a0\u00bbmed\u00a0\u00bb]L’\u00e9volution de la production avicole s’est traduite par une croissance plus rapide des poulets de chair et une meilleure efficacit\u00e9 alimentaire sur les prot\u00e9ines animales. Malgr\u00e9 cela, une s\u00e9rie de probl\u00e8mes m\u00e9taboliques sont apparus, le stress thermique \u00e9tant l’un des principaux.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n

M\u00e9canisme du stress thermique<\/h2>\n

Le stress thermique est d\u00fb \u00e0 l’interaction entre l’humidit\u00e9, la temp\u00e9rature, la vitesse de l’air et la chaleur du m\u00e9tabolisme de l’oiseau. Les oiseaux sont \u00ab\u00a0stress\u00e9s par la chaleur\u00a0\u00bb s’ils ont des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 atteindre un \u00e9quilibre entre la production de chaleur corporelle et la perte de chaleur corporelle. Cela peut se produire \u00e0 tout \u00e2ge et chez toutes les esp\u00e8ces de volailles. La temp\u00e9rature ambiante optimale pour les poussins est d’environ 30 \u00b0C et tend \u00e0 diminuer avec l’\u00e2ge en raison du d\u00e9veloppement des plumes, pour les poules et les poulets de chair, la temp\u00e9rature se situe entre 18 et 22 \u00b0C. La temp\u00e9rature corporelle des pondeuses et des poulets de chair est proche de 41\u00b0C. Si la temp\u00e9rature corporelle d\u00e9passe de plus de 4\u00b0C cette valeur, l’oiseau meurt.<\/p>\n

Impact du stress thermique<\/h2>\n

Les volailles ne transpirent pas, elles doivent \u00e9vacuer la chaleur par plusieurs m\u00e9canismes dont l’\u00e9cartement des ailes et la dilatation des vaisseaux sanguins en particulier ceux situ\u00e9s sur les zones les moins plum\u00e9es comme sous les ailes, les pattes, afin de rediriger le sang vers la p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie du corps augmentant ainsi la surface d’\u00e9change et maximisant la dissipation de la chaleur.<\/p>\n

Les oiseaux disposent d’un m\u00e9canisme suppl\u00e9mentaire pour favoriser l’\u00e9change de chaleur entre leur corps et l’environnement, \u00e0 savoir le hal\u00e8tement. Lors d’un stress thermique, la fr\u00e9quence respiratoire peut \u00eatre multipli\u00e9e par 5 \u00e0 10. La circulation de l’air est favoris\u00e9e par le sac a\u00e9rien contribuant \u00e0 augmenter les \u00e9changes gazeux avec l’air, et par cons\u00e9quent, la perte de chaleur par \u00e9vaporation. Par ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, les animaux \u00e9liminent davantage de CO2, ce qui entra\u00eene une diminution de la concentration sanguine en CO2 et une augmentation du pH sanguin (c’est-\u00e0-dire une alcalinisation). Pour limiter cette alcalinisation, les oiseaux doivent \u00e9vacuer des bicarbonates associ\u00e9s \u00e0 des \u00e9lectrolytes comme le potassium (K) et le sodium (Na). L’excr\u00e9tion urinaire des \u00e9lectrolytes a un impact n\u00e9gatif sur l’\u00e9quilibre \u00e9lectrolytique g\u00e9n\u00e9rant un d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre organique des fluides et une perte d’eau. Par cons\u00e9quent, les animaux se d\u00e9shydratent davantage et ne sont pas capables de lutter contre l’augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature corporelle.<\/p>\n

Chez les reproducteurs et les pondeuses, l’alcalose entrave la disponibilit\u00e9 du bicarbonate dans le sang pour la min\u00e9ralisation de la coquille des \u0153ufs et induit une augmentation de la disponibilit\u00e9 des acides organiques, ce qui diminue les niveaux de calcium libre dans le sang et affecte la qualit\u00e9 de la coquille des \u0153ufs. Cependant, bien que de nombreuses \u00e9tudes aient tent\u00e9 de caract\u00e9riser les m\u00e9canismes physiologiques associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la diminution de la qualit\u00e9 des \u0153ufs chez les oiseaux soumis \u00e0 un stress thermique, il n’existe pas de connaissances d\u00e9finitives, et plusieurs voies potentielles sont encore \u00e0 l’\u00e9tude, notamment les modifications des niveaux d’hormones de reproduction et de l’absorption intestinale de calcium.[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb11780″ image_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbentrance\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbNone\u00a0\u00bb animation_movement_type=\u00a0\u00bbtransform_y\u00a0\u00bb hover_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb image_loading=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Le stress thermique affecte \u00e9galement la fonction de reproduction des volailles. Chez les femelles, le stress thermique peut perturber le statut normal des hormones de reproduction au niveau de l’hypothalamus et de l’ovaire, entra\u00eenant une r\u00e9duction des niveaux et des fonctions syst\u00e9miques. Diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9tudes ont \u00e9galement montr\u00e9 les effets n\u00e9gatifs du stress thermique chez les m\u00e2les. Le volume du sperme, la concentration des spermatozo\u00efdes, le nombre de spermatozo\u00efdes vivants et la motilit\u00e9 ont diminu\u00e9 lorsque les m\u00e2les ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis \u00e0 un stress thermique.<\/p>\n

Tous ces facteurs ont alt\u00e9r\u00e9 les performances techniques de l’oiseau : mortalit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e, faible gain de poids, faible pourcentage de ponte et poids l\u00e9ger des \u0153ufs (tableau 1).[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n

Stress thermique et sant\u00e9 intestinale<\/h2>\n

De plus, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 que le stress thermique affecte n\u00e9gativement le d\u00e9veloppement et les fonctions intestinales. Les animaux soumis \u00e0 un stress thermique redistribuent le sang vers la p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie pour maximiser la dissipation de la chaleur rayonnante, tandis qu’une vasoconstriction se produit dans le tractus gastro-intestinal pour red\u00e9finir les priorit\u00e9s du flux sanguin. Par cons\u00e9quent, la r\u00e9duction du flux de sang et de nutriments vers l’\u00e9pith\u00e9lium intestinal compromet l’int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de la barri\u00e8re intestinale. D’autre part, la restriction alimentaire et le je\u00fbne affectent \u00e9galement la structure de la muqueuse intestinale. La restriction alimentaire peut induire une atrophie de la muqueuse intestinale chez les oiseaux. De m\u00eame, le je\u00fbne, m\u00eame pour une p\u00e9riode limit\u00e9e, peut interf\u00e9rer avec la synth\u00e8se des cellules \u00e9pith\u00e9liales intestinales. La r\u00e9duction de la prolif\u00e9ration et de la croissance des ent\u00e9rocytes entra\u00eene une diminution de la taille des villosit\u00e9s, de la profondeur de la crypte et du rapport entre la hauteur des villosit\u00e9s et la profondeur de la crypte. Ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes indiquent une atteinte de l’\u00e9pith\u00e9lium intestinal qui d\u00e9t\u00e9riore la perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La multiplication et les activit\u00e9s d’autres cellules peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre alt\u00e9r\u00e9es lors d’un stress thermique, comme les cellules de gobelet. Ces cellules sont responsables de la production de mucine, l’une des principales barri\u00e8res de l’intestin. La mucine est rapidement lib\u00e9r\u00e9e lors d’un stress aigu pour renforcer la barri\u00e8re intestinale. Cependant, sur une p\u00e9riode plus longue ou apr\u00e8s un stress aigu, l’\u00e9puisement des cellules de gobelet g\u00e9n\u00e8re une production moindre de mucus, diminuant ainsi la barri\u00e8re protectrice.<\/p>\n

SeaLyt\u00ae Spark : Aide a gerer le stress thermique et ses effets secondaires<\/h2>\n

SeaLyt\u00ae augmente et am\u00e9liore la consistance de la couche de mucus, prot\u00e9geant ainsi l’\u00e9pith\u00e9lium intestinal. En maintenant son int\u00e9grit\u00e9, la muqueuse intestinale devient une barri\u00e8re efficace qui r\u00e9gule l’absorption des nutriments. De plus, SeaLyt\u00ae fournit une source d’\u00e9nergie facilement assimilable, favorise la r\u00e9gulation du transit intestinal et am\u00e9liore la r\u00e9hydratation de l’animal. Par sa composition, SeaLyt\u00ae aide l’oiseau face au stress thermique en apportant des \u00e9lectrolytes (limitant le d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre \u00e9lectrolytique et la perte d’eau), et un extrait d’algues sp\u00e9cifique appel\u00e9 MSP\u00ae Mucin.[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb11782″ image_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbentrance\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbNone\u00a0\u00bb animation_movement_type=\u00a0\u00bbtransform_y\u00a0\u00bb hover_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb image_loading=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb575″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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